The laws of Congress in respect to those matters do not extend into the territorial limits of the states, but have force only in the District of Columbia, and other places that are within the exclusive jurisdiction of the national government. [Caha v. United States 152 U.S. 211 (1894)]

Legislation of Congress, unless a contrary intent appears, is meant to apply only within territorial jurisdiction of the United States.
Foley Bros. v. Filardo, 336 U.S. 281; 69 S.Ct. 575 (1949)

Title 4 USC, Section 72 "All offices attached to the seat of government shall be exercised in the District of Columbia, and not elsewhere, except as otherwise expressly provided by law."; See also Article I, Section 8, Clause 17-- and -- Article IV, Section 3, cl. 2.

It is quite clear, then, that there is a citizenship of the United States and a citizenship of a State which are distinct from each other and which depend upon different characteristics or circumstances in the individual. [Slaughter House Cases, 83 U.S. 36, 16 Wall. 36][21 L.Ed. 394 (1873), emphasis added]

That there is a citizenship of the United States and a citizenship of a state, and the privileges and immunities of one are not the same as the other is well established by the decisions of the courts of this country. The leading cases upon the subjects are those decided by the Supreme Court of the United States and reported in 16 Wall. 36, 21 L. Ed. 394, and known as the Slaughter House Cases. [K. Tashiro v. Jordan, 256 P. 545, 549 (1927)][affirmed 278 U.S. 123 (1928), emphasis added]


A citizen of any one of the States of the union, is held to be, and called a citizen of the United States, although technically and abstractly there is no such thing. To conceive a citizen of the United States who is not a citizen of some one of the States, is totally foreign to the idea, and inconsistent with the proper construction and common understanding of the expression as used in the Constitution, which must be deduced from its various other provisions. The object then to be attained, by the exercise of the power of naturalization, was to make citizens of the respective States. [Ex Parte Knowles, 5 Cal. 300 (1855)] [emphasis added]


A person who is a citizen of the United States is necessarily a citizen of the particular state in which he resides. But a person may be a citizen of a particular state and not a citizen of the United States. To hold otherwise would be to deny to the state the highest exercise of its sovereignty, -- the right to declare who are its citizens. [State v. Fowler, 41 La. Ann. 380, 6 S. 602 (1889)]