“The broad statement that the federal government can exercise no powers except those specifically enumerated in the Constitution, and such implied powers as are necessary and proper to carry into effect the enumerated powers, is categorically true only in respect of our internal affairs. In the field of international relations, the President alone has the power to speak or listen as a representative of the nation. He makes treaties with the advice and consent of the Senate; but he alone negotiates. Into the field of negotiation the Senate cannot intrude; and Congress itself is powerless to invade it. ”

Justice George Sutherland

~ Justice George Sutherland
(1862-1942) U. S. Supreme Court Justice
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp., 299 U.S. 304 (1936)